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• • • • In 247 BC,, the governor () of ('roughly western ' ) proclaimed independence from the Seleucids, when - following the death of - seized control of the Seleucid capital at, and 'so left the future of the Seleucid dynasty for a moment in question.' Meanwhile, 'a man called, of Scythian or Bactrian origin, [was] elected leader of the Parni tribes.' Following the secession of Parthia from the Seleucid Empire and the resultant loss of Seleucid military support, Andragoras had difficulty in maintaining his borders, and about 238 BCE—under the command of 'Arsaces and his brother ' —the Parni invaded Parthia and seized control of Astabene (Astawa), the northern region of that territory, the administrative capital of which was Kabuchan ( in the vulgate).

A short while later the Parni seized the rest of Parthia from Andragoras, killing him in the process. See also [ ] • • Notes [ ]. Sources [ ] • Bickerman, Elias J. (1983), 'The Seleucid Period', in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, pp. 3–20 • Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), 'The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids', in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, pp. 21–99 • Bivar, A.D.H.

(2003),, Encyclopaedia Iranica, 11, New York: iranica.com • Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah, eds. (2007), The Age of the Parthians, Ideas of Iran, vol. 2, London: I.